The Late Middle Ages And Medieval Times - 996 Words

The Middle Ages, or Medieval Times, lasted from the fifth to fifteenth centuries in European history. Specifically, 1300-1500 brought about the period known as the Late Middle Ages. In this period, a decline of the quality of life became apparent. The Late Middle Ages is viewed largely as the early beginnings of what would become the Renaissance only a couple of centuries later. Even being the late part of the Middle Ages, much of this time was still prevalently medieval much like the earlier centuries. Although there was some hope for a continuing era, many signs pointed toward the end of the medieval times as a whole, and inevitably, towards a renaissance. The Black Death, Dante’s The Divine Comedy, and Paolo Ucello’s The Battle of San Romano were very significant during the Late Middle Ages and thus significantly helped to lead to the end of the Medieval Times and towards development of the Renaissance. The Black Death was the beginning of the end of the Late Middle Ages and Medieval Times. Decreasing Europe’s population by twenty-five to fifty percent in just four short years, the Bubonic Plague was devastating. Europe during this time period lacked proper sanitation. Brought in from Asia, fleas from rats spread it; people would become infected easily. Symptoms included a painstakingly high fever and internal bleeding. The victim’s chances of falling to their deaths due to the plague was at a high fifty percent. The Black Death had many impacts on Europe due to the highShow MoreRelatedEurope During The Medieval Period986 Words   |  4 Pagesthe medieval time period of 200 AD to 1650 AD, Europe experienced a fluctuation in population numbers. Factors such as disease, famine, war, and others all contribute to the changes in population. A trend to help represent the medieval demography show a population decline during the Late Antiquity, slow population growth during t he Early Middle Ages, large population expansion during the High Middle Ages, and a variation of population decline and growth during the Late Middle Ages. The Late AntiquityRead MoreMedieval Period in European History1575 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The medieval period in European history begins after the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 C.E., and continued until the early modern period beginning around 1500. The medieval period is split into the sub-categories of early medieval (500-1000), central middle ages (1000-1300), late medieval (1300-1500), and followed by the early modern period (1500-1800). At each of these periods of time important political, economic, social, cultural, religious and scientific changes were beingRead MoreThe Decline Of The Middle Ages1392 Words   |  6 Pages The Middle Ages was a period that lasted for over 1000 years, beginning in 400 CE and ending in 1500 CE. This era is known as the period of time between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The medieval era is split up into three sections; early Middle Ages (400-900 CE), High Middle Ages (900-1250 CE) and the late Middle Ages (1250-1500 CE). Medieval Europe was a time of key advancement in society and a period where a distinct cultural unit emerged. This was influenced by differentRead MoreThe Author of the Black Death: John Aberth Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesof Cambridge in Medieval Studies after he received his masters from the University of Leeds. He is the author of five books, whose main focus is the effects of the Black Death in the later Middle Ages, including The First Horsemen: Disease in Human History, The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350, and A Knight at the Movies: Medieval History on Film. Published in 2001, From the Brink of the Apocalypse: Confronting Famine, Ware, Plague, and Death in the Later Middle Ages, is a mid-lengthRead MoreMedieval Armor: Greatest Invention in European History715 Words   |  3 PagesMedieval Armor, Greatest Invention in European History When someone thinks of a knight, what do they picture? They may picture someone in iron clad with a giant sword and shield on his trusty steed. However, it was not always this way. Medieval armor is what knights used in the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages, also known as the Medieval Era, lasted from the 5th to 15th century. During this time, there was an arms race going on which was snowballing and becoming more intricate. The 15th century wasRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medieval Period was an important time in Europe which spanned for over 1000 years, beginning at the fall of the Roman Empire, in 476 CE and ending at the Renaissance in 1500 CE. The Middle Ages were divided into 3 eras, the Early Middle Ages (478 – 900 CE), High Middle Ages (900 – 1250 CE) and ending with the Late Middle Ages (1250 – 1500 CE), which was a time of fear and rapid population decrease caused by the black death. Throughout the Medieval Period there was major contact between societiesRead MoreThe Periodization of the History of Western Europe1669 Words   |  7 Pagesperiodization of the history of Western Europe during the Middle Ages into three eras: the Early Middle Ages (5th-11th Centuries AD); the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 AD); and the Late Middle Ages (1300-1500). Construction of the great Gothic cathedrals began during the High Middle Ages, which was an era that experienced a dramatic re-emergence of urban life and an increasing sophistication in secular culture (Singman xi). Major events in the High Middle Ages include the conquest of England by the NormansRead MoreDbq the Renaissance818 Words   |  4 Pagesflourished, and the arts changed for the better and ideas became more focused life on earth. It was a time when new ideas of individualism, the thought of secularism and the interest in human ideas jumpstarted a new and freer lifestyle for everyone. The new ideas formed in the renaissance made enough impact on the world them and ever since that it deserves to be called its own era. The medieval times was filled with ideas based just around the church. As the Renaissance began, the arts developed intoRead MoreThe Middle Ages : Religion, Politics, And Warfare998 Words   |  4 PagesThe Middle Ages provides historians with various examples of concepts like kingship, church, warfare, politics, and health. Historians are able to explore events during the middle ages to determine how society operated and what mindset medieval people had. The middle ages is split into three sections early (500-1000), high or central (1000-1300), and late (1300-1500). This paper is going to delve into some similarities and differences between the high and late middle ages specifically looking atRead MoreWarfare of Elizabethan Times677 Words   |  3 PagesElizabethan Times In the Medieval times a sword was a knight’s most important weapons. The fact was found on this website: http://medievalweaponsrds.weebly.com/fun-facts.html. In Medieval times, the armor would vary with leather, chain mail, and plate armor, all coming as technology advanced and blacksmith’s skill increased. Over the Medieval period, weapons were advancing and the elegant rapier began to be obsolete as the musket became popular. A battle was brewing during these times with Queen

Violence and Murder in Macbeth by William Shakespeare

Shakespeare has delivered his plays in many different ways, and Macbeth is one that demonstrated violence and murder. The banquet scene that occurs in Act 3 Scene 4 of Macbeth has contributed to the play signiï ¬ cantly in many ways. It has contributed in the development of the plot, the development of a major theme, and the revelation of the different sides of different characters. ! In Macbeth, the story revolved around Macbeth, hence the name of the title. The plot further developed following the banquet scene because that scene caused and allowed other events to happen. After the banquet scene, Macbeth met up with the three witches and said that he should not have said. Just because he disagreed with what they had to say to him, he said, â€Å"And an eternal curse fall on you!† (IV i 105) Macbeth said them with arrogance; without realising how much power the witches had themselves. But gradually, the unfortunate things that the witches said did happen to Macbeth. Even before the unfortunate events occurred to Macbeth, Macbeth was very keen on killing Macduff and his family. Macbeth said, â€Å"The castle of Macduff I will surprise, Seize upon Fife; give to the edge o’ the sword His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls That trace him in his line.† (IV i 150-154) If Macbeth’s killing motives to kill others did Shakespeare has delivered his plays in many different ways, and Macbeth is one that demonstrated violence and murder. The banquet scene that occurs in Act 3Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Life And The Elizabethan Age Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare was the great poet, actor, and playwright from the Elizabethan age. William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 and would then die exactly fifty two years later. Throughout time, his plays have continued to grow in popularity and notoriety. Many of the saying first penned by William Shakespeare, we still use today. Such lines as; â€Å"As good luck would have it (The Merry Wives of Wi ndsor), Dead as a doornail (2 Henry VI), Full circle (King Lear), and Milk of human kindness (Macbeth)†Read MoreHow Shakespeares Macbeth Challenges the View of Typical Manhood1037 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth written by William Shakespeare brought the attention of the audience through the violence and the unexpected plot. Through the actions of the protagonist, he portrays many different ideas. One of the ideas he questions is manhood as it deals it in a unconventional way. Instead of portraying the protagonist actions that portray manhood, he has to struggle with the definition of manhood throughout the play. Additionally Shakespeare has shown different viewpoints of men and women in the playRead MoreMotifs And Motifs In Macbeth1412 Words   |  6 Pagesmotifs, and unsurprisingly, many motifs are present in the works of William Shakespeare. There are many themes that Shakespeare conveys through motif in his play Macbeth. One of these is that breaking the Great Chain of Bein g results in misery and disorder, but the natural order tends to eventually recover. Another is that violence is morally ambiguous and can be good or evil depending only on who the violence affects. Finally, Shakespeare shows that what one perceives as reality is not necessarily realityRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hometown Of The English Language And The World s Best Dramatist1266 Words   |  6 Pages Although many knew him as a keen businessman in his hometown of Stratford, William Shakespeare is recognized as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s best dramatist. (www.goodreads.com) He wrote hundreds of songs, plays, books, and poems. During his time, his plays were well under-appreciated and a lot of his work did not appear until seven years after his death. Without Shakespeare, the English language would have never expanded at the rate it did, erasing many common wordsRead MoreCharacters In Macbeth995 Words   |  4 PagesIn Macbeth by William Shakespe are, numerous of events occur. A series of characters are introduced such as Lady Macbeth, King Duncan, Banquo, Macduff and many others throughout the play. As many introductions of characters are put in place, the plot of the story changes from time to time. The three most important events that occur in Macbeth are the prophecies that the witches tell Macbeth and Banquo (1.3.50-53), the death of King Duncan (2.2.19) and the death of Macbeth (5.8.32-40). These eventsRead MoreMacbeth Book Review809 Words   |  4 PagesLadan Abdullahi Macbeth’s Destiny: The Tragedy of Macbeth Review William Shakespeare is a playwright and actor born in April 1564. William, a wealthy landowner who lived in Stratford upon-Avon, married Anne Hathaway and had three children. In 1623, Shakespeare published The Tragedy of Macbeth. Whilst researching for Macbeth, â€Å"Shakespeare found a spectacle of violence- the slaughter of whole armies and of innocent families, the ambush of noble by murderers, the brutal execution of rebels. HeRead MoreGerald Deocariza Iii. Mrs. Jardine. English 3, Period 4.1161 Words   |  5 Pagesserious downfall and set as the protagonists of a dramatic tragedy. A tragic hero gets For example, William Shakespeare wrote a play called The Tragedy of Macbeth to show Macbeth’s uprisings and downfalls. Macbeth’s downfall results to wrong judgements that combines fate and external forces. If his downfalls does not kill him, his downfalls can cause the tragic hero to suffer for the rest of his life. Macbeth gains the utmost respect from other people; on the other hand, he also loses everything he gainedRead MoreDramatic Tension in Act 2, Scene 2 of Macbeth Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth assignment What do you consider to be the most successful stage effect and language techniques used to create dramatic tension in Act 2, Scene 2? Macbeth is a well known, famous story by William Shakespeare which is about the tragedy of ambition and how it destroys Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Both are forever damned to a state of fearful awareness, and insomnia as a result of murdering King Duncan. This sets off an unstoppable chain of events which ends in Macbeth himself being killed andRead MoreThe Horror Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1409 Words   |  6 Pagesworks. Macbeth is a dark and horror play written by the great William Shakespeare in the 1600s. Like any other of his plays, it has also gained a crowd of audience and was performed in front of kings. Shakespeare’s Macbeth returns back to the Scottish history during the eleventh century, when a spectacle of violence- slaughter of innocent families; assassination of nobles and kings; and ruthless execution of rebels- witchcraft and the supernatural filled the streets of England (â€Å"Macbeth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). DuringRead MoreBlind Violence and Desire in Macbeth Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesIn Macbeth desire and violence are prevalent throughout the book. Desire blinds one’s ability to think clearly when making a decision. If violence is used due to one’s desire than violence becomes a never ending cycle until the outcome of the violence goes against the one whose desire led to violence. When making a decision, one should use reason, which is having a logical justificati on or motive. Violence is committed many times in the book but not all for the same motive. Macbeth commits several

MUsic and its violence Essay Example For Students

MUsic and its violence Essay Discussion centers on the potential role of lyric content on aggression in short-term settings, relation to catharsis and other media violence domains, development of aggressive resonators, differences between long-term and short-term effects, and possible mitigating factors. As by behaving in symbolically aggressive ways. Though the aggression catharsis hypothesis has been thoroughly explored and debunked in several entertainment media domains, there has been relatively little work on the effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggression-related variables such as aggressive thoughts and feelings. Someone told me once that theres a right and wrong. Punishment was cure for those who dare cross the line. But it must not be true for Jerk-offs Just like you. And maybe its Just bullwhip. I should play god and shoot you myself. ?Tool, Jerk-off (1992) As evidenced by the creation of the Parents Music Resource Center and the policy of labeling music products containing violent lyrics, many people are concerned with potential deleterious effects of listening to songs with violent lyrics. An accumulating MUsic and its violence By Unsung_gods_eye exposure to violent media is causally related to subsequent expression of aggression in both short- and long-term time frames (e. G. , Anderson Bushman, AAA; Borrowing, 1993; Bushman Anderson, 2001). The vast majority of this research has soused on violent television and movies (Houseman Miller, 1994). Recently, a small but relatively consistent research literature has shown that short-term exposure to violent video games causes increases in aggression and aggression-related variables (Anderson Bushman, 2001). Nonetheless, there remains among the general population and many practitioners a very strong belief in the age-old catharsis hypothesis?the belief that experiencing and expressing aggressive emotions and thoughts will decrease subsequent aggressive thoughts, feelings, and emotions (Bushman, 2002; Bushman, Bandmaster, Stack, 1999). This ancient Greek idea, later popularized by Brewer and Freud (1893-1895/1955) and now usually labeled venting, states that aggressive impulses can be reduced by watching, reading, or singing about anger and aggression as well Media Differences There are numerous differences between watching violent television, playing violent video games, and listening to popular music. One is the lack of a video component to audio-only music. Another is that aggressive lyrical content of popular music is often discernible only to the most attentive of listeners, whereas videotaped media including music videos) make their violent content abundantly and graphically clear. Some rock music songs have such garbled lyrics that they have given rise to debates about what the lyrics are (e. G. , Lie, Lie; Nina-Gouda-Dad-Vida; see Marsh, 1993). A third difference concerns attention. A large proportion of time spent listening to music involves paying attention to the music (not the lyrics) or to other tasks. Thus, effects of violent lyrics may generally be attenuated (relative to video-based media violence) simply because the lyrics are not processed by the listeners. Nonetheless, there are valid reasons to worry about potentially harmful effects of violent music lyrics. Numerous studies have shown that aggressive words can prime aggressive thoughts, perceptions, and behavior (e. G. , Anderson, Benjamin, Bartholomew, 1998; Barge, Chin, Barrows, 1996; Barge Potentiometer, 1982). Indeed, such effects can occur even when the stimulus has not been consciously recognized (e. . , Barge et al. , 1996, Experiment 3). Furthermore, listeners are capable of recognizing themes of music (I. E. , violence, sex, suicide, and Satanism) even when it is difficult to comprehend specific lyric content (Hansen Hansen, 991). Additionally, music stimuli are played repeatedly, both by radio stations as well as by listeners themselves. Craig A. Anderson and Nicholas L. Carnage, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University; Jeanie Banks, Texas Department of Human Services, Austin, Texas. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Craig A. Anderson, Department of Psychology, WI 12 Allegorical Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa EXPOSURE TO SONGS WITH VIOLENT LYRICS Another difference between video-based entertainment and music concerns the amount of imagination needed or allowed to fill in details of the story being told. The lack of visual images in music both allows and requires listeners to imagine details. Concrete images probably play a major role in transfer of ideas from the video world to ones own real-world situations. When ones video antagonists are similar to ones real antagonists, violent solutions modeled in the video world are more likely to be attempted in the real world than when the video antagonists are dissimilar (Bandeau, 1986; Borrowing, 1993; Gene, 1990). The lack of concrete images in violent music may well allow listeners to imagine audio antagonists similar to real-world antagonists. Thus, there are reasons to expect violent-lyric songs to be either more or less influential than violent video materials. The present article reports five experiments testing the hypothesis that brief exposure to songs with violent lyrics can increase two variables that are key mediators of situational influences on aggression: aggressive cognitions and aggressive affect. In the next section, we briefly review the existing research literature. Then we show why the general aggression model (GAME; Anderson Bushman, 2001; Anderson Houseman, in press) suggests a focus on aggressive cognitions and affect. 961 Han students who preferred other genres of music, such as alternative, adult contemporary, dance-soul, or country. Listeners to heavy metal music held more negative attitudes toward women. Rap music fans were more distrustful. Similarly, Took and Weiss (1994) found a correlation between preference for rap and heavy metal music and below-average academic performance, school behavior problems, drug use, arrests, and sexual activity. Still other studies have found correlations between music type preferences and a variety of maladaptive behaviors but have not specifically linked lyric preferences to those behaviors. For a recent review, see Roberts, Christenson, Gentile, in press. Experimental Studies of Music Without Video Music Without Lyrics McFarland (1984) looked at the effects of exposure to tense, calm, or no-background music (without lyrics) on the emotional content of stories written for the Thematic Apperception Test. Participants who heard tense music wrote the most unpleasant stories. Like the music video studies, these results tell us little about lyric effects. However, they indicate t hat research on lyrics must control for effects of type of music. Past Music Research Music With Lyrics Several field and laboratory experiments have examined effects of aggressive music videos. Waite, Hildebrand, and Foster (1992) observed a significant decrease in aggressive behavior on a forensic inpatient ward after removal of Music Television (MAT). Peterson and Post (1989) found that exposing males to neurotic violent music videos led to a significant increase in adversarial sexual beliefs and negative affect. Johnson, Jackson, and Goat (1995) found that males who had been randomly assigned to view violent rap music videos became more accepting of the use of violence in dealing with interpersonal problems. Related research found that males and females exposed to violent rap music videos became more accepting of teen dating violence Monsoons, Adams, Suborn, Reed, 1995). College students exposed to rock music videos with antisocial themes produced a greater acceptance of antisocial behavior (Hansen Hansen, 1990). Students were also more likely to accept stereotypic sex-role behavior after being exposed to music videos that displayed similar behavior (Hansen, 1989; Hansen Hansen, 1988). Music piracy copyright law EssayWe solicited suggestions from students from the same undergraduate population for pairs of contemporary rock songs that had the following characteristics. One song had to have clearly violent content, whereas the other had to have no (or minimal) violent content. Both had to be understandable, the same type (e. G. , both hard rock or both soft rock), and about the same length. Finally, we wanted both songs to be by the same group. We used two songs, each about 5 min long, by the group Tool: Jerk- Off (violent; Tool, 1992, from the album Opiate) and Four Degrees (nonviolent; Tool, 1993, from the album Undertow). Procedure After reading and signing a consent form, participants learned that the experiment involved how different songs affect performance on various tasks. They were to listen to a contemporary song, complete a couple of psychological tasks, and then answer a few questions about the song. Participants then listened to the assigned song, completed the State Hostility Scale (SSH; Anderson et al. , 1995), completed a longer unrelated task, and were debriefed. The SSH contains 35 sentences describing current feelings (either hostile or friendly). For example, two hostile items read, l feel like yelling at somebody and l feel rigorous. Respondents rate each sentence on a 5-point Liker-type scale (1 0 strongly disagree, 3 0 neither agree nor disagree, 5 0 strongly agree). The friendly items are reverse scored. The scale typically produces internal reliability estimates in the . 90 -. 95 range, but three items (l feel willful, l feel tender, l feel vexed) often show poor item-total corre lations. Willful displayed a low item-total correlation in the present study, so we dropped it. Coefficient alpha was . 96. Results and Discussion Sex was included in the analyses as a covariate rather than as another two-level factor. The 2 (song: violent vs.. Nonviolent) 0 2 (participant pool: volunteer vs.. Psychology) ANCHOVY yielded two statistically reliable effects. As predicted, the violent song produced higher levels of state hostility than did the nonviolent song (Ms 0 2. 60 and 2. 19, respectively), F(l, 54) 5. 97, MESS 0 0. 426, p O . 02. In addition, females reported higher levels of state hostility than males (MS 2. 62 and 2. 17, respectively), F(l, 54) 6. 71, MESS 0. 426, p O . 02. 2 This somewhat unusual finding is probably due to the fact that in our participant pool, females typically do not like hard rock music to the same extent as males. These results indicate that the violent content of rock songs can increase feelings of hostility when compared with similar but nonviolent rock music. It is important to absolute level of the SSH means reflect this lack of provocation. Experiment 2 Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1 in all respects except that the dependent variable was a measure of aggressive cognition. Sixty-one undergraduates (30 females, 31 males) participated either as volunteers or as a part of their introductory psychology class. The dependent variable was based on participants ratings of a large number of word airs from Bushman (1996). Bushman identified 10 words as clearly aggressive in meaning (blood, butcher, choke, fight, gun, hatchet, hurt, kill, knife, and wound) and 10 words as ambiguous in meaning, having both aggressive and nonaggression meanings (alley, animal, bottle, drugs, movie, night, police, red, rock, and stick). Bushman showed that people who score high on trait hostility tended to perceive relatively greater similarity of meaning between pairs of aggressive and ambiguous words (from these two lists) than do people who score low on trait hostility. We adapted Bushmans (1996) task in the following way. All possible pairs of these 20 words were presented to participants with instructions to rate each pair on how similar, associated, or related the paired words seemed to be. Ratings were made on 7-point scales anchored at 1 (not at all similar, associated, or related) and 7 (extreme- lay similar, associated, or related). We calculated three average similarity scores for each participant: aggressive-aggressive word pairs (45), aggressive-ambiguous word pairs (100), and ambiguous- ambiguous word pairs (45). Our reasoning and predictions were quite simple. If listening to violent lyrics increases the accessibility f aggressive thoughts in semantic memory, then ambiguous words will tend to be interpreted in a relatively more aggressive way, leading to relatively higher similarity ratings of aggressive-ambiguous pairs. This same semantic priming process might also increase the perceived similarity of aggressive-aggressive pairs and of ambiguous-ambiguous pairs, but these increases should be small relative to the violent song effect on aggressive-ambiguous pairs. We used the other two word-pair types as within-subject controls. Thus, we predicted violent (vs.. Nonviolent) song artisans to give larger similarity ratings of aggressive- ambiguous word pairs relative to their ratings of ambiguous-ambiguous and aggressive-aggressive word pairs. We computed a contrast score reflecting the main prediction. We averaged each participants aggressive-aggressive and ambiguous-ambiguous scores. From this control rating we then subtracted each persons aggressive-ambiguous score. On this contrast score, smaller scores indicate that the aggressive- ambiguous pairs were predicted that participants who heard the violent song would have significantly smaller contrast scores. An ANCHOVY was conducted on this contrast. The 2 (song: violent vs.. Nonviolent) 0 2 (subject pool: volunteer vs.. Introductory psychology) ANCHOVY yielded only one reliable effect, the predicted main effect of music lyric content, F(l, 56) 0 4. 24, MESS 0 0. 113, p O . 05. Table 1 presents the mean similarity ratings as a function of song and word-pair type. As can be seen in Table 1, the violent song led to higher similarity ratings for aggressive-ambiguous word pairs than did the nonviolent song; the mean similarity score increased by almost half of a scale point (0. 5) on a 7-point scale. The corresponding song effect on the control pairs (aggressive-aggressive and ambiguous-ambiguous) was much smaller; the mean similarity increase was Just slightly more than a quarter of a scale point (0. 27). As predicted, violent song participants had significantly smaller contrast scores. Figure 2 presents these results in a different way, clearly illustrating the violent-lyrics effect on agg ressive cognition. In sum, hearing a violent rock song led participants to interpret the meaning of ambiguous words such as rock and stick in an aggressive way. Nonetheless, for all studies, preliminary analyses explored the possibility of sex interactions. There were none, thereby satisfying the homogeneity of slopes assumption of analysis of covariance (ANCHOVY). 2 Unless otherwise indicated, reported means for all experiments are the appropriate least squares adjusted means, adjusted for other factors in the model such as sex and trait hostility. Significance levels are based on two-tailed tests. The astute reader will realize that each effect in this between-subjects analysis of variance is identical to the interaction of that effect with the repeated-measures factor control versus aggressive-ambiguous. Experiment 3 Overview and Design Broadening Aspects Experiment 3 was designed to broaden our tests in three ways. First, on the basis of a pilot study, we used a larger set of 4 violent and 4 nonviolent songs. Twenty-six female and 24 male college students listened to 10 rock songs and rated how violent each was on a unidirectional scale anchored at O (not at all) and 10 (extremely).

Police Organization Paper free essay sample

Paper soon 3/18/2012 this paper am going to explain to you the various types of police agencies at the local, state, and federal level and how each is organized. I will also identify the principal roles and functions of police organizations and their roles as they relate to the law. When I am finished with my paper you should have a better understanding of police organizing and how police organization works. The united States has one of the most complex law enforcement systems because of the various levels of their logging agencies.In the United stated each town, county, state, city, and small village has its Oh policing agency. Even though there are various police agencies the structural organization Is similar. This is because all law enforcement agencies have the same objective. The organizations of the police agencies are hierarchical. Police institutions can be analyzed like organizations with several key components (Alveolar, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Police Organization Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These organizations are designed with rank structure, separate departments and units.These components work together to form a fully functioning law enforcement agency. Some examples of local agencies are city, county, town, and incorporated village police. These agencies work together in order to ensure safety at a local level. There are many different functions and roles of the local police agencies. Local police are responsible for performing many routine activities. The duties Include patrolling the neighborhood community, enforcing the law, providing emergency services, conducting investigations, and upholding community relations. Local police are not responsible for enforcing the law outside their Jurisdiction and assistant Is needed at a higher level (Congressional Digest, 1965). As far as state level goes there are also various agencies. These agencies Include state and port authority police. State police agencies have many roles when it comes to the law. The state agencies are responsible for keeping the area within the state safe, keep our highways safe, and keep our parks free of crime, violent, and violations.Federal levels are responsible for coming In and stepping up when our lower levels of authority are in desperate need of help ( example: An older man meeting up with a girl whom he had met online). The FBI has to get involved when it comes to this. Sometimes also when dealing with federal you end up dealing with government as well. The FBI and other federal police help solve crimes that lower authority cannot handle or sometimes just need some help.So as you can see the police levels have to be well organized in order to be effective and in well working order. In this paper I have explained toy the various types of police agencies at the local, state, and federal level and how each Is organized. I have also identified the principal roles and functions of police organizations and their roles as they relate to the law. You should now have a better understanding of police organizing and how police organization.